John Baptiste Calkin (* March 16, 1827 in London; † May 15, 1905) was an English composer, organist and music teacher.

Calkin was taught by his father, James Calkin who was a pianist, cellist and composer. The young Calkin worked as an organist from 1846 until 1853 at St. Columba's College in Dublin, Ireland. After returning to London he was an organist at several churches as well as a professor at the Guildhall School of Music and later at the Croydon Conservatory.

His most famous work is the the setting to music of the popular Christmas song ''I Heard the Bells on Christmas Day'' by Henry Wadsworth Lonfellow. In addition, he composed church music works, hymns and anthems.