Aníbal Carmelo Troilo, known as “Pichuco” (born July 11, 1914 in Buenos Aires; died May 18, 1975 in the same city), was an Argentine bandoneon player, composer, and orchestra conductor. He taught himself to play the bandoneon and made his debut at the age of 11. In 1937, he founded his legendary ''Orquesta Típica'', which shaped the Golden Age of Tango (1935–1950).
He composed over 100 tangos, including classics such as “Sur,” “La última curda,” “Barrio de tango,” and “Toda mi vida”—mostly with lyrics by Homero Manzi, Cátulo Castillo, and Enrique Cadicamo. His singers included Francisco Fiorentino, Edmundo Rivero, and Roberto Goyeneche. Astor Piazzolla was his arranger from 1939 to 1944.
Troilo played in films, toured internationally, and established the bandoneon as the emotional heart of tango. Since 2005, July 11 has been National Bandoneón Day in Argentina in his honor. He is considered one of the greatest icons of Argentine tango.