Johann Caspar Simon was born in Thuringia and probably received his musical education during his university studies in Jena from J.S. Bach's cousin Johann Nikolaus Bach. After his appointment as a count in Lauenburg (Württ.), he was appointed music director (Director musices) and organist at St. George's Church in Nördlingen in 1731. He was also appointed by the city as a teacher at the Latin school.
Three volumes of his church cantatas, organ works, a chorale book and two orchestral symphonies have been handed down. He was considered an excellent composer in contemporary music circles. His organ compositions were especially highlighted.
After almost 19 years in office, he asked to be dismissed to take up the inheritance of his late brother-in-law in Leipzig as a merchant which he operated as a respected cloth merchant until the end of his life.