Sebastian Virdung (*around 1465 in Amberg, Upper Palatinate; † after 1511) was a German singer, composer, and music theorist. He matriculated in Heidelberg in 1483 and served in the court cantorate there from 1483 to 1505. During this time (1489) he became pastor in Lengenfeld (Velburg). From 1500 to 1507 he served in the chaplaincy of Stahleck Castle near Bacharach. From 1507 to 1509 Virdung was altist and praeceptor at the cathedral of Constance which he departed in 1508. In 1510 he resided in Augsburg during the Imperial Diet. In 1511, his music-theoretical work was published in Basel under the title "Musica getutscht vnd ausgezogen durch Sebastianum Virdung, Priesters von Arenburg vnd alles Gesang auss den notten in tabulaturen dieser benamten dreyer instrumenten, der Orgelen vnd der Lauten, der Flöten, transferiren zu lernen. Kürzlich gemacht zu ehren der hochwürdigsten hochgebornen Fürsten und Herren: Herr Wilhlemen Bischove zu Strassburg seinem gnädigen Herren". Thereafter, nothing more is known about his life.

With the exveption four German songs by Virdung in Peter Schöffers "Teutschen Lieder mit 4 Stimmen" (1513, No. 48, 49, 52 und 54) nothing further is known about his compositional work.